Troops from D'Arnauld's brigade in Carpio Village
The Battle
of Carpio de Azaba, 18th June 1812
With a letter from the Minister for War in his saddlebags,
urging him to press on, the new Allied C-in-C, The Earl of Aigburth (better
known as General Banestre Tarleton), advanced very rapidly from Almeida, over
the border into Spain ,
along the road towards Ciudad Rodrigo. His intention was to attempt to surprise
Clauzel, with the portion of the Armée de Portugal which had been ordered to
protect Ciudad Rodrigo, defeat him, and move on to attack the fortress before
the French had time to make good the defences damaged during their own
successful siege a month earlier.
Aigburth’s force comprised the Anglo-Portuguese Third,
Seventh and Light Divisions of infantry, the cavalry brigades of Long, Viktor
Von Alten and De Jonquieres, a single battery of foot artillery and no less
than three troops of horse artillery, a force of 16,600 men with 22 guns. Some
regiments in the Seventh Divn were severely reduced in numbers by their efforts
in the campaign to date. The few remaining fit men of the Brunswick-Oels Jaeger
battalion, the 51st Foot, the 68th Foot and the 2nd
Light Bn of the KGL were attached to other regiments. The army made good time
on the march, the spirit of the troops was excellent, considering what they had
been through in past months. On the night of Monday 15th June the
column bivouacked near to the old battlefield of Fuentes de Onoro, which was
seen as a positive omen by the men. Always wakeful and urging more speed, the
Earl impressed his staff by his energy and the clarity of his orders.
As had been the case just three weeks earlier, his army was
opposed by Clauzel, with his own and Maucune’s Divisions of the Armée de
Portugal, plus the cavalry brigades of Col. Picquet and Treillard and 4 foot
batteries – a total 13,550 men with 32 guns. Having recently retreated from
Almeida after being defeated there by Wellington
(with a very similar OOB for both sides), Clauzel had assembled his force with
considerable haste from its wide-spread billets. At 9:30 in the morning of 18th
June, with his infantry still shivering from fording the Rivera de Azaba during
the night, Aigburth advanced to attack the French position – Clauzel had placed
his line with its centre in the village
of Carpio de Azaba .
[This game was played
using CCN rules but, because the forces were rather too large for the Command
Card system, an additional rule was added whereby the “Probe” Section cards
could be played, instead, as a single move of all units and leaders in the named
section – this movement could not result in contact, and the moved units could
not carry out any combat. This option was exercised twice during the action.
Being the attackers, the Allies had first move throughout, 6 cards each, and 10
Victory Banners for outright victory.]
The field is part of a plateau adjacent to the Spanish
border. There are a number of small hillocks and some wooded areas, but the field
is generally open. The village
of Carpio was roughly
triangular in 1812, with a population of approximately 250.
Aigburth positioned Picton’s Third Divn on his right, with
the Light Divn, supported by all the horse artillery and with the Seventh Divn
in reserve behind them, on the left and opposite the village. Clauzel had
Berlier (with Clauzel’s Divn) on his left, and Maucune’s Divn in the village
and extending to his right. Both generals placed most of their cavalry on the
flanks – aware that the open ground would make cavalry a threat.
The Allied attack began on the left – riflemen and horse
artillery to the fore, in a style which must have been very different from
Tarleton’s experience in America
30 years before. The Rifles came into their own, using their extra range to harass
the French gunners and cause loss to the French infantry. This stage of the
attack was mainly an exchange of artillery fire, while some rifle units on the Allied
left flank cleared a wooded area of French infantry, but progress was halted
abruptly when the French, led in person by Baron Maucune, rallied strongly and
pushed the Allies back again. This counter-attack was so vigorous, and for a
while so successful, that at one stage it was difficult to see which army was
the attacker, but – once again – the unsung heroes of Eustace’s Chasseurs Britanniques held things
together, established themselves in one of the disputed woods and allowed time
for the reserves to come up. There was some frenzied cavalry action on this
flank at this point – the Duke of Brunswick-Oels’ Hussars performing in
outstanding fashion, defeating both the 14e Chasseurs a Cheval and the Lanciers
de la Vistule, who were routed very quickly – admittedly General Cotton was
present in person, [and he brought a fine
Cavalry Charge card with him].
Once again, the cavalry conflicts did little but wipe out
most of the cavalry [mental note: I
really must try to have a solo wargame some time which does not involve so much
pointless slaughter in the cavalry]. However, the combined Portuguese
cavalry unit did well to force one of the battalions of the 82e Ligne into
square, a situation from which they were chased by the combined fire of Ross’
Troop of the RHA and a battalion of the 95th Rifles.
At this point, as a result of artillery fire on the
advancing British, and of the cavalry actions on the flanks, the French held a
7:2 lead in Victory Banners, a situation which did not really reflect the
balance of advantage. The French were defending stoutly, and Clauzel was
generally successful in pulling tired units out of the firing line and bringing
in fresh ones, but – despite his apparent advantage in Victory Banners – he now
had many units which were reduced to a single base/block, and were no longer
able to contribute to the battle. If the Allies could avoid suffering the
critical 10th Banner, they had enough troops to win the day.
In the end, the result was (in boxing terms) a points win.
The Allies never did roll over the French line, nor break into Carpio village –
as the attack developed, the Victory Banners score came to 8-all, then 9:8 to
the Allies as a battery was put out of action, then 9-all as the French replied
in kind, and silenced MacDonald’s RHA troop. Then the last of Montfort’s
battalions on the right were broken by the Allied fire, and it was 10:9 to
Aigburth. Rather closer than he would have hoped for, but a clear enough win in
the end.
Clauzel withdrew in good order, the 3 battalions of the 15e
Ligne determinedly holding the village to cover the retreat, but his lack of
cavalry meant that most of the wounded had to be left on the field, and there
was an element of panic among the troops as they fell back – leaving the
fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo exposed and heading to join with Jourdan’s forces at
Salamanca.
General de Brigade Berlier, commanding Clauzel’s Divn on the
day, was seriously wounded late in the day, and General de Division Maucune was struck by a
canister ball while at the head of the 86e Ligne, and he died within minutes.
The Earl of Aigburth was clearly elated at the end of the
action, but was shaking with fatigue. The Portuguese cavalry, the KGL heavy
dragoons and the heroic Brunswick Hussars were dispatched to keep the retiring
French moving, and to assess the situation at Ciudad Rodrigo.
OOBs
French Force – Gen de Divn Bertrand, Baron Clauzel
2nd Divn, Armée de Portugal (Gen de Bde Berlier,
acting)
Bde Berlier (Col. De Conchy) –
25e Leger & 27e Ligne [3 bns]
Bde Pinoteau – 50e & 59e
Ligne [4]
15/3e Art a Pied (Capt. Pajot)
5th Divn, Armée de Portugal (Gen de Divn
Antoine-Louis Popon, Baron Maucune)
Bde Arnauld – 15e & 66e Ligne
[4 Bns]
Bde Montfort – 82e & 86e
Ligne [3]
11/8e Art a Pied (Capt. Genta)
Cavalry
Bde Col. Picquet – 6e Dragons
& 1er Dragons Provisoirs (4e & 11e) [6 Sqns]
Bde Treillard – 14e Chasseurs, 7e
Chev-Lanc (Vistule), Dragoni Napoleone [9 Sqns]
Reserve Artillery
10/3e & 19/3e Art a Pied
(Capts. Dyvincourt & Gariel)
Total force engaged approx 13550 men with 32 guns. Loss
approx 3200 infantry, 875 cavalry and 10 guns. Gen. Berlier was severely
wounded, though he is expected to recover. General Maucune was killed leading
his Division.
Allied Force – General the Earl of Aigburth
Third Divn (Maj.Gen Sir Thomas Picton)
Palmeirim’s Bde – 9th
& 21st Ptgse + 11th Cacadores [5 Bns total]
10/9th Bn Royal
Artillery (Maj. Douglas)
Seventh Divn (Maj.Gen JHK Von Bernewitz, acting)
Von Bernewitz’ Bde (Col. Eustace)
– Chasseurs Britanniques & Tomar Militia Bn (attached)
Troop E, RHA (Capt. MacDonald)
Light Divn (Maj.Gen Karl, Baron Von Alten)
Vandeleur’s Bde – 1/52nd
& 2/95th + 1st Cacadores
Troop I, RHA (Maj. Ross)
Cavalry (Lt.Gen Sir Stapleton Cotton)
Long’s
Bde – 3rd Dgns, 5th Dgn Gds [6 Sqns]
Viktor
Von Alten’s Bde – 1st Hussars KGL, Brunswick-Oels Hussars [6]
Provisional
Bde (Col. De Jonquières) – 1st Dgns KGL, Prov Ptgse Cav (dets 1st
& 11th) [6]
Troop A, RHA (Maj. Bull)
Total force engaged, approx 16600 men with 22 guns. Total
loss approx 1100 infantry, 725 cavalry and 4 guns disabled.
Detail losses:
French – 1/27 (-3 blocks), 2/27 (-1), 2/50, 3/50, 4/66 (-2
each), 15/3 Art a Pied (-1), Arnauld’s tirailleur bn, 5/82 (-2 each), 1/86,
2/86 (-1 each), 6e Dragons (-2), 11e Dragons (-1), 10/3 Art a Pied (-3), 4e
Dragons, 14e Ch-a-Ch (-1 each), Lanciers de la Vistule (-2)
Anglo-Portuguese – Wallace’s combined lt.coys (-2), 5/60th
(-1), Troop ‘E’ RHA (-2), 1/95th (-1), 1st Cac (-2), 1/52nd,
2/95th (-1 each), 3rd Dgns (-3), 5th Dgn Gds
(-1), KGL Hussars (-1)
General view at the start, from the South-East (behind the French left)
Clauzel's position, from his left - Picquet's dragoons in the foreground
Treillard's light cavalry, on the other flank, with the Vistula Legion
Lancers in evidence - they did not have a good day
Hanging about - some of Picton's troops
First time in action since the previous century - the Earl of
Aigburth watches anxiously
State of the Art - rifles and horse artillery - slow going, though
95th Rifles - the Qualiticast Battalion
Cotton supervising the Riflemen clearing the woods...
...with the odd setback
Fine fellows all - the Chasseurs Britanniques, who have done very well
throughout the campaign
Assault Center - and about time too
The Brunswick Hussars upset some elite opposition.
Bearing in mind his fondness for a bet, we can only hope
the Earl had some money on this one
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